Existentialism: Flipped Learning

 Hello, readers

                       This blog is a part of Flipped Learning activity in which our task is to watch videos about Existentialism and write down whatever you understand. Here, the link of teacher's blog click here

I'm impressed by these thoughts... 

Video-1  First video is about what is existentialism in which many thinkers talked about the existentialism and Philosophical suicide meant nothingness in life and also a very good ideas about individuality, passion and freedom..

Video-2 The myth of Sysyphus: the absurd reasoning. In this video Albert Camus talked about the absurdity, life is meaningless and also there is an example of the movie 'Stay' in which we can see the existentialism that suicide is best option in this absurd life.In this Albert Camus talks about absurdity in life. We think suicide as the escapism from the absurdity of life. When we start to think about absurdity this idea of suicide comes in mind. But it is not a solution. Life is meaningless yet it is for living.

Video-3 The Notion of Philosophical suicide. This video talked about the philosophical suicide and this problem come out from A total absence of hope, A continual rejection and conscious dissatisfaction. From this method people escaped from absurd life.When we kill our self as a philosopher it is called the philosophical suicide. It comes out from human being. If there is no human being, there won’t be any desire. All requirements like a total absence of hope, a continual reflection, conscious dissatisfaction should not be confused with despair, renunciation, immature unrest.

Video-4 Dadaism and Nihilism has nothing to do with each other, there is only one similarity that both are fed up with arbitrary values of life. they do not want such values invented by others.In the Dadaism it’s primary goal is creation. There is no need to govern by the value of others. We must have to create our own values which have significance in our life. Dadaism and Nihilism both neglect the values which are imposed by other.

Video-5 Is Existentialism is gloomy philosophy? Every life is full of anxiety, despair and absurdity, but we are free to choose our own path of living. Every individual choose his/her way of life but when result is not good then they escape from this situation that is not fair practice. Existentialism is differ from Nihilism. After world war-2 People's life became miserable and full of despair. Everyone tried to find the meaning of life.Existentialist came with post war movement. At that time people were living in despair and their life was full with absurdity. Everyone is free to make their own choice and choose their own path but when the result comes in negative way. At that time also we have to be ready to face it. Being individual is not in actual sense connect with being narcissist.

Video-6 Much difference between Existentialism and Nihilism. Existentialism believe in subjectivity like individuality, nothingness, absurd life while Nihilism believe in objectivity like everything is illusion in life.

Video-7 Existentialism ask question of existence that why I am here? what is life? Divine perspective and human perspective. Human were not design by any supernatural power, existentialism see the life from religiously, scientifically and philosophically and raise question about human existence.

Video-8 Existentialism and Nietzsche: Nietzsche's Existentialism talked about that human being is everything, there is no need any supernatural power to govern life. Like God is dead so human being can make their own rules and be like superman or “Ubermensche” is a philosophy of freedom given by Friedrich Nietzsche. Humans are free to make their choice. There is no need to live life according to any supernatural power. Only we are the master of our life.

Video-9 Existentialism is a way of life and understand life deeply. Existentialism says about what I am. Eric Dodson said that it is honest and shows reality of life and accept your fault and your abilities.Existentialism is a very broad idea to understand the deeper meaning of life. Existentialism is not apply to the mind but also apply to the heart which is called existential sensibility. It means that as a mind wants to know the meaning of life heart also wants to enjoy or feel it.

Video-10 I like the idea in this video is that only we can give reason to our choice or we can say that there is no reason for choice is just a choice. There is no meaning of life but meaning is given by us to our life.

Answer-2 

Which video I like the Most and Why?

I like the video-8 "Explain like I'm five: Existentialism and Nietzsche that human being have the power of everything it means human being can make their own rules and be a superman and he/she can do whatever they want.

I like the last video. This video talks about how to live a life by making our own individual identity rather than to follow the ideas of others. From this video we can learn that to make our own path in this world is very important.

I also like video -9 rather than another because that video is help a lot in better understanding of Existentialism and there are open window for thinker some kind of new way. I have to say that Flipped learning is best way of study because it's save more time of whole person and also give more time to think. We can pause and note down during watching video rather than lecture method.

Answer-3

 Flipped learning is best to learn from anywhere, I like it most because it provides us content with appropriate pictures and signs so it would easy to understand the content. Flipped learning also very beneficial for four basic skill LSRW, through this learning we can improve our listening skill from native speaker and also we can improve our memory to remember the speakers words and note down. And also we can learn how to pronounce spells. At last, I can say that we can learn from anywhere in our time through flipped learning.

 Flipped learning indeed has its advantages, as you mentioned. The ability to pause, take notes, and revisit content at your own pace can enhance the learning experience. It also allows for a more interactive and engaged approach to studying.

The flexibility of flipped learning can cater to different learning styles and preferences, providing a more personalized learning experience. It's encouraging to see that you've found a study method that works well for you and aligns with your learning preferences. 

ThAct: The Great Gatsby

 The Great Gatsby

Introduction

The Great Gatsby, third novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925 by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Set in Jazz Age New York, the novel tells the tragic story of Jay Gatsby, a self-made millionaire, and his pursuit of Daisy Buchanan, a wealthy young woman whom he loved in his youth. Unsuccessful upon publication, the book is now considered a classic of American fiction and has often been called the Great American Novel.

1) Explore https://jstor-mkbu.refread.com/ through MKBU eLibrary. Search JSTOR articles on 'Unreliable Narrator' or 'False Prophet of the American Dream' or any other topic of your choice. Review the articles and write about them.

Answer: This essay explores how Jay Gatsby pursued his American dream in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby. It looks at America in the 1920s and gives insight into the culture in which Gatsby’s behavior takes place. There were many changes in American society around that time, with more freedom in some areas and restrictions in others, particularly related to social class; how this affects Jay Gatsby is examined. The essay then examines what the American dream means and how it is viewed in more recent times. The subject of the American dream has always been a sensitive topic for Americans and Jay Gatsby is no exception. The essay further reviews how Gatsby and his dreamed-up character have made their way into the scene of the new American upper class, and what reactions he receives from those watching his entrance into this desirable society. His intangible dream is somewhat disturbing; and what is more unnerving is the effort and energy he puts into his outrageous plans, and the lengths he goes to in order to chase after and fulfill his unrealistic dream. The essay concludes by looking at how the American dream is portrayed in the novel. Fitzgerald seems to be mocking those who dare to dream, as no one sees their dream fulfilled and most end up worse off for having tried. The American dream comes across as more of an illusion than anything else. Those who pursue it seem doomed to fail at reaching it, as it is just that: a dream.

2) Creative and Analytical Activities:

(i) Modern Reimagining: Rewrite a key scene from the novel in a modern setting, considering how themes and character motivations might change.

Answer: Title: The Luxe Gala

Scene: A glamorous penthouse in the heart of a bustling metropolis, where Jay Gatsby, now a wealthy social media influencer, hosts a star-studded event to catch the attention of his former flame, Daisy Buchanan, a popular lifestyle blogger.

The penthouse, adorned with contemporary art and bathed in the glow of city lights, was the epitome of modern luxury. Jay Gatsby, a charismatic social media mogul, stood at the center of the lavish party, surrounded by the glitterati of the digital age. The air was filled with the pulsating beats of the latest music and the constant hum of smartphone cameras capturing every moment.

Daisy Buchanan, a sought-after lifestyle blogger with a massive following, entered the penthouse. Her presence was magnetic, and heads turned as she moved through the crowd, her every step documented by the flashing lights of eager paparazzi. Gatsby approached her, his charm amplified by the curated perfection of his online persona.

"Daisy," he greeted, a hint of longing in his voice. "I've been waiting for you to grace us with your presence."

Daisy, with an air of casual sophistication, surveyed the scene. "Quite the spectacle you've put together, Jay," she remarked, her gaze sweeping across the sleek furnishings and trendy decor.

Gatsby led her through the crowd, his words a blend of charisma and aspiration. "I've orchestrated all of this to impress you, Daisy. The followers, the fame, the lifestyle – it's all for you."

Daisy's eyes met his, and for a moment, the digital world seemed to blur with the memories of their past. As they reached the balcony, Gatsby gestured toward the city skyline. "I've climbed to the top of the influencer hierarchy, Daisy. We could be a power couple, shaping the trends and setting the internet on fire."

Daisy turned away, her eyes reflecting the complexities of the social media era. "Jay, it's not about the likes or the followers. It's about authenticity and connection. Can you provide that?"

Gatsby, fueled by the desire for validation, pressed on. "I've built an empire of admiration, Daisy. We could be the influencers everyone looks up to."

Daisy sighed, a hint of nostalgia in her gaze. "Jay, the past is gone. We can't recreate it in a world obsessed with instant gratification. I've built my brand on substance, not just surface."

Gatsby, realizing the superficiality of his pursuits, watched as Daisy disappeared into the crowd. The modern city glittered below, indifferent to the unfulfilled aspirations of its inhabitants.

As the night continued, Gatsby stood alone on his penthouse balcony, surrounded by the echoes of digital notifications and the distant hum of the city. The luxe gala unfolded, but the green light of unattainable dreams remained just as elusive in this modern tale of love, ambition, and the pursuit of online stardom.

(ii) Symbolism Analysis: Identify and interpret key symbols in the novel, like the green light, the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, and Gatsby's parties.

 The symbolism of key elements in "The Great Gatsby":

1. The Green Light:

   - Original Context (1920s): The green light at the end of Daisy's dock symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dreams and his pursuit of the American Dream. It represents both the allure of the future and the elusive nature of his aspirations.

   - Modern Context: In a modern setting, the green light could be interpreted as a symbol of technological progress or success. It might represent the unattainable goals of wealth, fame, or influence, as well as the constant pursuit of a better, more connected life.

2. The Eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg:

   -The giant eyes of Dr. Eckleburg on the billboard symbolize the eyes of God or a moral authority, watching over the characters and judging their actions. They represent the hollowness and moral decay of the society of the time.

   

3. Gatsby's Parties:

   - Original Context: Gatsby's extravagant parties are a symbol of the excesses and superficiality of the Jazz Age. They serve as a backdrop for his attempts to win back Daisy and illustrate the emptiness of a society obsessed with wealth and social status.

   - Modern Context: In a modern reimagining, Gatsby's parties could symbolize the pursuit of social media fame, where people showcase a curated version of their lives to gain attention and validation. The superficiality and transience of these gatherings could reflect the ephemeral nature of online interactions and the constant need for external validation.

4. The Valley of Ashes:

   -The desolate industrial wasteland between West Egg and New York City represents the moral and social decay resulting from the pursuit of wealth and the American Dream.

   In a modern interpretation, the Valley of Ashes could symbolize the environmental consequences of rapid technological progress or the overlooked social and economic disparities that persist in contemporary society.

5. The Color Yellow:

   -  The color yellow is associated with decadence, deceit, and the false allure of wealth. It is often linked to Gatsby's opulent car and the extravagant parties.

   - The symbolism of yellow could be extended to represent the artificiality of the digital age, including flashy materialism, fake personas on social media, or the shallow pursuit of success.

6. East Egg and West Egg:

   - East Egg and West Egg represent the divide between the "old money" aristocracy and the newly rich. The geographical separation highlights the social stratification and the inability to bridge the gap between classes.

   - In a contemporary setting, East Egg and West Egg could symbolize different socioeconomic classes or geographical locations that still struggle with societal divisions and the challenges of upward mobility.

7. The Clock at Gatsby's Mansion:

   -  Gatsby's ornate clock symbolizes the relentless passage of time and the fragility of Gatsby's dreams. It also reflects the temporal nature of the Jazz Age and the impermanence of success.

   - The clock might be reinterpreted to symbolize the constant pressure of time in the fast-paced, ever-evolving digital era, where trends, success, and attention spans are fleeting.

8. Gatsby's Library:

   -  Gatsby's library is a symbol of his wealth and the façade he presents to others. Despite its grandeur, it is revealed to be mostly for show, with uncut books representing his attempt to appear cultured.

   -  In a contemporary setting, Gatsby's library might symbolize the curated image people present on social media – the carefully selected posts and photos designed to create a particular impression rather than reflecting genuine depth or substance.

9. The Weather:

   - The weather in the novel often reflects the emotional atmosphere. For example, the intense heat during key moments symbolizes the boiling tension and unfulfilled desires.

   - Modern Context: The weather could continue to symbolize the emotional climate, but it might also represent the unpredictable nature of the digital age – the rapid shifts in public opinion, trends, and social dynamics.

10. The Buchanans' House:

   - The Buchanan residence is an elegant mansion filled with expensive items, but it is also a place of moral corruption and decay. The luxurious exterior masks the moral emptiness within.

   - The symbolism of the Buchanan house could extend to the curated and often superficial personas maintained on social media, where external appearances may not reflect the reality of one's character or values.

11. Owl-Eyes:

    - The bespectacled man in Gatsby's library who marvels at the realness of Gatsby's books represents a rare individual who sees beyond the superficiality of the era. He symbolizes the pursuit of authenticity.

    - Owl-Eyes could symbolize someone in a contemporary setting who values authenticity in a world dominated by artificial images and personas on social media.

12. The Music and Jazz:

    - Original Context: The music and jazz of the Roaring Twenties symbolize the hedonistic and carefree spirit of the era. They also underscore the characters' pursuit of pleasure and escapism.

    - Modern Context: Music remains a potent symbol, but in a modern setting, it could represent the omnipresence of digital entertainment, the role of music in shaping cultural trends, and the constant search for pleasure and distraction.

These symbols collectively contribute to the novel's exploration of the American Dream, societal values, layers of meaning, providing readers with insights into the characters, the societal values of the time, and the broader themes explored by F. Scott Fitzgerald. and the consequences of unrestrained ambition, making "The Great Gatsby" a timeless work that continues to resonate in different cultural and historical contexts.

(iii) Historical Context Exploration: Research the historical and cultural context of the 1920s and analyze how it influences the plot, characters, and themes.

"The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald is set in the 1920s, a period commonly known as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age. This era was marked by significant cultural, social, and economic changes in the United States. Here are some key aspects of the historical and cultural context that influenced the novel:

1. Post-World War I America:

   - The 1920s followed the end of World War I, and the United States experienced a period of economic prosperity. This prosperity contributed to the rise of consumerism and the pursuit of the American Dream.

2. Prohibition:

   - The 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, came into effect in 1920. However, the demand for alcohol continued, leading to the rise of illegal speakeasies and the glamorization of the "flapper" lifestyle.

3. Social Changes:

   - The 1920s witnessed a shift in societal norms, particularly in terms of gender roles and expectations. Women gained the right to vote in 1920, and the era saw the emergence of the "New Woman" who challenged traditional gender norms.

4. The Jazz Age:

   - The 1920s is often referred to as the Jazz Age due to the popularization of jazz music and the energetic social scene associated with it. This cultural shift is reflected in the lively and extravagant parties depicted in the novel.

5. Wealth Disparity:

   - Economic prosperity during this time also led to a significant wealth gap between the upper and lower classes. This disparity is evident in the novel, with characters like Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan representing the nouveau riche, while others struggle to maintain their social status.

 how these historical and cultural elements influenced the plot, characters, and themes in "The Great Gatsby":

- Plot:

  - The economic prosperity of the 1920s contributes to the extravagant lifestyle portrayed in the novel, particularly through Gatsby's opulent parties and luxurious possessions.

  - The illegal sale of alcohol during Prohibition is subtly depicted in the novel through Gatsby's association with organized crime.

- Characters:

  - Jay Gatsby is a self-made millionaire who embodies the American Dream of success and wealth. His extravagant parties and desire to win back Daisy are shaped by the societal values of the time.

  - Tom Buchanan represents the old money and the conservative values of the pre-1920s era, contrasting with the more modern and flamboyant lifestyle emerging during the Jazz Age.

- Themes:

  - The pursuit of the American Dream is a central theme, reflecting the optimism and materialism of the 1920s. Gatsby's belief in the possibility of reinventing oneself and achieving success is emblematic of this era.

  - The novel explores the hollowness of the upper class and the moral decay beneath the surface of wealth and excess, mirroring the societal critiques of the time.

In summary, the historical and cultural context of the 1920s greatly influenced the setting, characters, and themes of "The Great Gatsby," providing a backdrop of prosperity, social change, and cultural dynamism that shapes the narrative and characters' aspirations.

(iv) Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast "The Great Gatsby" with another novel, film, or piece of art that explores similar themes.

 "The Great Gatsby" and the film "American Psycho" both delve into the themes of excess, societal expectations, and the darker side of the American Dream. While "The Great Gatsby" portrays the Jazz Age's decadence and obsession with wealth, "American Psycho" critiques the greed and materialism of the 1980s, offering a satirical take on consumer culture. Both works explore the hollowness beneath the façade of prosperity, showcasing characters grappling with their identities in a superficial society. However, "The Great Gatsby" focuses on love and yearning, while "American Psycho" leans towards a darker exploration of narcissism and amorality.

1. Wealth and Excess:

   - The Great Gatsby: Explores the excesses of the Jazz Age, with characters like Jay Gatsby throwing lavish parties to showcase their wealth. The narrative highlights the superficiality of wealth and the emptiness that can accompany it.

   - American Psycho: Critiques the consumer culture of the 1980s, where the protagonist, Patrick Bateman, is immersed in a world of extreme materialism. The film satirizes the obsession with luxury brands and conspicuous consumption, revealing the hollowness beneath the surface.

2. The American Dream:

   - The Great Gatsby: Examines the American Dream's corruption, as characters like Gatsby pursue success and love in ways that ultimately prove destructive. Gatsby's pursuit of the American Dream is marred by illusions and unattainable ideals.

   - American Psycho: Challenges the notion of the American Dream, portraying a successful but morally bankrupt character in Patrick Bateman. The film suggests that the pursuit of success can lead to a loss of humanity and moral decay.

3. Societal Critique:

   - The Great Gatsby: Critiques the superficiality and moral decay of the upper class in the 1920s. The characters' actions and attitudes reflect the societal values of the time, revealing a lack of genuine connection and a preoccupation with appearances.

   - American Psycho: Offers a satirical critique of the 1980s yuppie culture, showcasing the dehumanizing effects of excessive wealth and materialism. The film explores how societal expectations contribute to the protagonist's descent into amorality and violence.

4. Characters and Relationships:

   - The Great Gatsby: Focuses on the complex love triangle between Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and Tom Buchanan. Gatsby's unrequited love for Daisy is a central theme, emphasizing the idea that wealth and social status do not guarantee happiness.

   - American Psycho: Portrays Patrick Bateman as a character devoid of genuine human connections. His relationships are shallow, and the film suggests that the pursuit of success and status can lead to a breakdown of empathy and morality.

5. Narrative Tone:

   - The Great Gatsby: Exhibits a melancholic and nostalgic tone, with a focus on Gatsby's romantic idealism and tragic fate. The narrative is retrospective and carries a sense of loss.

   - American Psycho: Takes a more satirical and darkly comedic approach, using hyperbole and absurdity to critique the excesses and superficiality of the 1980s.

In summary, while both "The Great Gatsby" and "American Psycho" explore themes of wealth, excess, and the American Dream, they differ in their time periods, narrative tones, and specific societal critiques. "The Great Gatsby" is more focused on romantic idealism and the Jazz Age, while "American Psycho" is a satirical take on the materialistic culture of the 1980s.

3) Critical Perspectives:

* Investigate different critical perspectives on "The Great Gatsby," such as feminist, Marxist, or postcolonial interpretations. Analyze how these perspectives offer unique insights into the text and challenge traditional readings. Discuss the strengths and limitations of each perspective in understanding the novel.

Examining "The Great Gatsby" through various critical perspectives provides rich insights into the novel's themes and characters. Let's explore feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial interpretations:

1. Feminist Perspective:

   - Insights: A feminist analysis of "The Great Gatsby" focuses on the portrayal of female characters, such as Daisy Buchanan. Critics argue that Daisy is objectified and reduced to a symbol of male desire, reflecting the societal expectations and limitations placed on women during the 1920s.

   - Strengths: This perspective highlights the gender roles and inequalities present in the novel, shedding light on the limited agency of female characters. It challenges traditional readings that may overlook the marginalized experiences of women in the narrative.

   - Limitations: Critics may argue that Fitzgerald's portrayal of women is a reflection of the era's social norms rather than a deliberate endorsement. Additionally, some argue that the feminist perspective may overlook complexities in the characters' motivations and agency.

2. Marxist Perspective:

   - Insights: A Marxist interpretation of "The Great Gatsby" focuses on the economic disparities and class struggles depicted in the novel. Critics explore how characters like Gatsby represent the aspirational lower class seeking social mobility, while characters like Tom Buchanan symbolize the entrenched upper class protecting their privilege.

   - Strengths: This perspective highlights the critique of the American Dream, showing how wealth and class perpetuate social inequality. It challenges traditional readings that may romanticize Gatsby's pursuit of success, emphasizing the systemic issues at play.

   - Limitations: Critics argue that the novel also explores the moral and ethical consequences of the characters' actions, which a strict Marxist interpretation might overlook. Additionally, not all characters neatly fit into rigid class categories.

3. Postcolonial Perspective:

   - Insights: A postcolonial analysis of "The Great Gatsby" examines the novel's treatment of race and ethnicity. Critics may point out the marginalization or absence of non-white characters in the narrative, reflecting the racial prejudices of the time.

   - Strengths: This perspective highlights the novel's silence on issues of race, prompting readers to question the implications of this omission. It challenges traditional readings that may overlook the racial dynamics present in the narrative.

   - Limitations: Some argue that the novel's focus on the East and West Egg's social dynamics may not lend itself to a comprehensive exploration of racial issues. Fitzgerald's limited portrayal of non-white characters could be a reflection of the era's predominant racial attitudes.

In summary, each critical perspective on "The Great Gatsby" offers unique insights and challenges traditional readings by focusing on specific aspects of the novel. The strengths lie in uncovering hidden layers of meaning, while the limitations often stem from potential oversimplification or overlooking other complexities present in Fitzgerald's work. Combining these perspectives allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the novel.

THANK YOU❤

Movie Screening - Vita and Virginia

 Vita and Virginia

This Blog-post is a response of thinking activity on Movie Screening - "Vita and Virginia" by Chanya Button given by Vaidehi Hariyani Ma'am. To know more about this task, CLICK HERE. 

This film was released in 2018 written and directed by Chanya Button. Starring by Gemma Arterton as Vita Sackville-West Elizabeth Debicki  as Virginia Woolf. Whole story line leads the setting of 1920s, the story of love affair between socialite Vita Sackville-West and literary icon Virginia Woolf. This element of her life forced her to write and finally she shaped her last novel of her literary carrier by very popular novel, 'Orlando:A Biography' published in 11 October 1928.

Orlando:

Orlando: A biography is a Biographical novel published in 1928. It is inspired from the life of Vita Sackville Woolf’s lover and a close friend. The book describes the adventures of a protagonist who changes sex from man to woman and lives for around 36 years only but story spans over 300 years.

Here are my answer to the questions:  

   

• How far do you feel that Orlando is influenced by Vita and Virginia’s love affair? Does it talk only about that or do you find anything else too?

If we read both's biography mostly the outcome is that both had affair each other. As in the article(Click Here to read) mentioned that Vita was married in 1913 at the private chapel in Knole. Her husband, Harold Nicolson, was a diplomat, politician, critic and biographer. After a brief overseas posting, they returned to England and went on to buy Sissinghurst Castle in a practically derelict state. Together, they re-built the house and designed the now world-famous garden, visited by keen gardeners from all over the world. 

Vita and Harold remained close throughout a relatively unorthodox marriage. Both had affairs with members of the same sex, and Vita's relationship with Virginia Woolf is celebrated in Woolf's novel, Orlando, inspired by Knole and Vita's inability to inherit her beloved family home. The original manuscript for Orlando is inscribed 'Vita from Virginia' and remains at Knole today. Vita's son, Nigel Nicolson, has described it as 'the longest and most charming love-letter in literature.'

Another thing is that about sex. In today's time it is not new thing to see not new thing. But if we can see the setting that while the two women were open about their relationship, it was also during a time when British society was more socially conservative. While male homosexuality in the U.K. was still a criminal offense at the time, there was no equivalent legislation that targeted gay women. However, in 1921, some lawmakers voted to criminalize “sexual acts of gross indecency” between women, although the law was never passed because politicians feared it would encourage women to explore homosexuality. This aspect quite related to the setting of the time while Woolf wrote the novel.

• Who do you think is confused about their identity Vita or Virginia? Explain with illustrations.

I think Virginia and Vita both confused to had their identity.She had already in the particular dilemma but she can't explore it. While she met Vita, there was something in her inside world which forced to keep herself with Vita. While the other side we can see that Vita had many affairs in her life rather than Virginia. She couldn't keep with one person.

According to Times news, "Sackville-West was always frustrated that she would never be able to inherit Knole due to her gender, as English aristocratic custom forbid it. (This was a point that Woolf highlighted in perhaps her most openly political and feminist work, the 1929 essay A Room of One’s Own, in which she advocated for women to be financially independent.)" The confusion about identify own gender was appeared in both. Although, Virginia also loved her Leonard Woolf and Vita's husband also loved her wife. The area of confusion may be rolling between this four characters.   

• What is society’s thought about women and identity? Do you agree with them? If Yes then why? If no then why?

Before answering this question, I raised one another question that why identity is so important? I think, we all survived in 'Identity Crisis' in our daily life.In psychology, this term was given by psychologist Erik Erikson. Here I shared one interesting YouTube video to understand Erik Erikson’s theory.

   

I disagree with what society thinks about women's identity. They have their Independence to choose their gender or choose with whom they want to live either male or female.Generally it's define as psychologically but sometimes we think to escape from this situation but we can't. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, it's define that

 

"personal psycho-social conflict especially in adolescence that involves confusion about one's social role and often a sense of loss of continuity to one's personality" 

This is general point without involving any gender. But if we think about,'Women Identity' it might be different. Her beauty, her style to live in front of the people, her looks these all things society expected from the women.But what are the expectations of women are doesn't matter for them. Society thinks about women to live different from the men, they can't do anything like man, because of, if we can see within our India only that it is still Patriotic Society. We can also see in Shakespeare's major plays presents Patriotism. Like Macbeth,Hamlet etc. We just say that nowadays Women are equally stand in the society like Men but still, it is not. I would like to share one another interesting and award winning short-film which talks about Self-Identity and also one good point is that the main character itself is a women.

• What are your views on Gender Identity? Will you like to give any message to society?

According to my point of view, Gender is only the word which identifies who is male, female and third gender. The word comes to only identifies this three gender. Without knowing the gender, the production of people or in other world, like in animals also is not possible. To know the Gender is necessary thing, but after knowing it and start to judging or misbehaving with them is not the right thing. Third gender is also the part of this society. But our first respect is with the normal people who have normal gender.We couldn't give respect third gender like we give normal's. 

If we talk with the reference of Mahabharata, we can see Shikhandi was an Androgyny (can refer to either a combining of both sexes, or a lack of both.) It is not only today's problem, it came from the years ago while human exists.I would like to give the message to society, that just believe in human being, try to stop looking people with 'GENDER' we have to try live together as human being. 

• Write a note on the direction of the movie. Which symbols and space caught your attention while watching the movie? 

'Vita and Virginia' is a biographical romantic drama film directed by Chanya Button. We saw it in our class on Netflix platform. Film is based on the letters of Vita-Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf. Very first scene caught my attention while Vita saw Virginia at very first time in the party. Virginia's dance was quite interesting to know what's going in her mind. She danced not normally, it seemed like something will be hidden in her. Here I put GIF. Perhaps it symbolized that Virginia was not in stable condition. 

At the nearly end of the movie, while far from her, her mental condition we can see while she saw several black birds in the sky and some attack on her also. Perhaps it symbolized society who ridding her from her identity. Because she now, Vita is not with her after their close relationship. The another silent scene was when she go to near the water to suicide. But she can't because still she believed that she stay with her, but the conflict of to found Vita's identity was still remain. And after that Virginia wrote 'Orlando' which presents the life of Vita.

The another scene was, when Leonard, Virginia's husband was quite worried when he come to know about her condition after Vita leave her. She sudden leave the party when she saw Vita with another women, she first went the river bank and she went her personal room. There was the scene when her husband ran fast to see her, for a while we felt that she suicide, but she actually sat her chair and decide to write a story about Vita, called 'Orlando'.  Even if her sister and other member of Bloomsbury Group were worried for her. She also quoted while she have relation with Vita that,

"I worry I'm quite allowed to desire the same way as you"

• "Vita and Virginia" had to be made into Bollywood Adaptation, who do you think would be fit for the role of Vita and Virginia?

If "Vita and Virginia" had to be made into Bollywood Adaptation, I think ,Vita Sackville-West: Deepika Padukone  and Virginia Woolf: Swara Bhaskar

Thinking Activity -The Waste Land

This blog deals with several assigned questions by Dr. Dilip Barad regarding T.S. Eliot’s poem The Wasteland, contradiction of Eliot with between Nietzsche and Freud and Indian thoughts in the poem.

  Introduction👊

The Waste Land, long poem by T.S. Eliot, published in 1922, first in London in The Criterion (October), next in New York City in The Dial (November), and finally in book form, with footnotes by Eliot. The 433-line, five-part poem was dedicated to fellow poet Ezra Pound, who helped condense the original manuscript to nearly half its size. It was one of the most influential works of the 20th century.

The waste land poem

 Eliot politely insisted that the title was three words beginning with "The". In the modern time style of epic writing is very famous.Epic is very famous this time.This time T.S.Eliot  writes very big a nd long Epic The Waste Land.The waste land is very long Epic.The waste land is decided into five part.This all part like as :

      After a fourth section, "Death by Water," which includes a brief lyrical petition, the culminating fifth section, "What the Thunder Said," concludes with an image of judgment.

1)The Burial Of the Dead ( 76 Lines )

2) A game of Chess ( 96 Lines )

3) The Fire Sermon ( 139 Lines )

4) Death by Water ( 10 lines )

5) What the thunder Said ( 113 Lines ) 

   In a May 1921 letter to New York lawyer and patron of modernism.Eliot read him the manuscript draft of The Waste Land in London, Eliot visited him in the country.He returned from Lausanne in early January 1922. Pound then made detailed editorial comments and significant cuts to the manuscript. Eliot later dedicated the poem to Pound.Eliot sent the manuscript drafts of the poem to John Quinn in October 1922; they reached Quinn in New York in January 1923.Upon Quinn's death in 1924 they were inherited by his sister Julia Anderson. Years later, in the early 1950s, Mrs Anderson's daughter Mary Conroy found the documents in storage.

1) What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzche's views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

  Answer : Eliot stands for Regressive, backward looking as it tries to find answers of contemporary malaise in Upanishad, Buddhism and Christianity. On the other side Nietzche stands for progressvie and forward looking, in giving solution to the problem of contemporary crises in faith and self.

        In compared to Neitzche's thought, yes Eliot is regressive but it doesn't mean that he only rises question on his contemporary society, he also tries to give way of solution rather than the answers. Cycle of time always moving and when History start repeating one must have to look back and try to learn that what are mistakes our ancestor did and now when time comes to us how we will deal with it? It is certain and right that new questions's answer we couldn't find in Upanishad, Buddhism and christinity but the way of living,understanding towards any situation one can devlop.

Nietzsche’s concept of “Ubermensch” appropriate. This concept talking about to have our own morality for the betterment of humanity and our self.  If we do faith in our self than we can make us

  2.What are your views regarding these comments? Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?

   Answer : Yes, it is truth that giving free vent to the repressed primitive instinct' can lead us to happy and satisfied life, but individually, things and happiness which is satisfying us can harm others and which give pleasure to others can harm us. But as per Eliot views if all follow such culture, tradition and belief in such lifestyle and moralities, a network of understanding can be created human live peacefully.

3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts referred?)

Answer : There are many Indian thought in waste land. Eliot was well read scholar and he includes Indian Upanishad also in his poems.

        The basic theme of the poem based on Indian thought spirituality. Through the spirituality Eliot tried to got solution of sexual perversion and hollowness of Men in modern time. He used Buddhism and  Upnished thoughts in the poem.

Datta , Dayadhvam and Damyata : 

   In this poem Eliot used Indian spiritual  thought  of Datta , Damyata and Dayadhvam. It were used for the people of that time who shattering down and committed suicide and run away from their responsibilities.

 

Datta:

what have we given?

My friend, blood shaking my heart 

The awful daring of a moment's surrender 

Which an age of prudence can never retract 

By this, and this only, we have existed 

Which is not to be found in our obituaries

Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider

Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor

In our empty rooms       

      So in this lines talked about not only charity but giving oneself for some noble cause. Devote oneself for noble needs. It is pious , selfless , sacrifice are not found in any biographies or memory books. Ex. Daan vir Karna and Bhamasha.

 Eliot gives three 'Da':

Datta

To give not only charity but giving oneself for some noble cause.

 Dayadhvam- 

Sympathies yourself with the sorrows and suffering of others, come out of your isolation and love into others.

Damyata- 

Self control, control over one's passion and desire.

      So in Datta talked about Sacrifice,  Damyata talked about self control and Dayadhvam talked about sympathy for  others.

Ganga :

 Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves

Waited for rain, while the black clouds

Gathered far distant, over Himavant.

The jungle crouched, humped in silence. 

Then spoke the thunder.    

   So In this lines Eliot used Ganga which considered as holy river in India. Also used Himalayas as Himavant. So both are mythically and spiritually connected to India.so here we can say that in this poem t.s.eliot used this holy river word which consider in India. So in this poem we see some points related into the India in this poem. 

Shantih shlok : 

          " Shantih    shantih    shantih "

     The word Shantih connect with Indian spirituality.  In this line used  for some hope and peaceful life. Peace that coming after anxiety.

   Eliot refers to Wisdom of India for spiritual salvation of modern humanity. So by used this Indian thoughts Eliot wanted to resolved the problem like sexual perversion and spiritual draught.  He wanted to gave message about  " The way of life which is spiritual." here we can say that Indian thoughts about peace in every universal things. We should not like vulture, keep others away from having what we actually don't need but be a giver, sympathies with other. Gandhiji also said: ''There is enough on this earth for everybody's need, but not sufficient for one's greed. We should not belivbb in materials and contemporary things that one day will destroy. In this way I think T.S Eliot might found Upnishada's thoughts of ,"Datta", "Damyata", "Dayadhvam", and "Shantih" suitable for universal calmness...

1) The Fire Sermon

“The Fire Sermon” is also the name of one of a sermon given by Buddha. The whole poem describe the theme of sexual perversion and by referring to this sermon of Buddha because he also wants to convey a message to stay detached from all the senses.

2) River Ganga and Himalaya

The Ganga is known for its purity and for purification. While Himalaya is known for spirituality and peace. Eliot finds the solution to all contemporary problems in spirituality. That is the reason he referrers Ganga and Himalaya here. I feel in Varanasi and in Himachal Pradesh that I was feeling like I was far from the world for 15 days.

4)Thunder

Eliot uses the reference of Upanishads through the akashvani Prajapati gives the solutions for all the problems. Eliot gave reference to Thunder to convey that now the solution of all problems will be given by Thunder.

4) Three Da

    1) Datta

2) Dayadhvam

3) Damyata

The first Da “Datta” means to give. Give sacrifice for others and help to others.

The second Da “Dayadhvam” means sympathies and empathies with others.

Third Da “Damyata” means self-control, control over the senses.

5) Shantih mantra

The Shantih mantra is for inner peace. Eliot ends his poem with this mantra and with hope. The hope of re-birth, end of modern malaises, and growth of spirituality.

Conclusion

As we know the Waste Land is very hard to understand because it's devided in 5 parts, all parts are presenting different kind of myth  connect with modern erra. But when it becomes easy for us when someone is giving and teaching proper understanding of the poem .Now ,it is easy for me because I have learnt from the classes.which was taken by Dilip sir.so now clear cut concept is in my mind.

Thank you😊